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psychological resilience
Psychological resilience is defined as an individual's ability to properly adapt to stress and adversity. Stress and adversity can come in the shape of family or relationship problems, health problems, or workplace and financial worries, among others.〔American Psychological Association. (2014). (The Road to Resilience ).〕 Resilience is not a rare ability; in reality, it is found in the average individual and it can be learned and developed by virtually anyone. Resilience should be considered a process, rather than a trait to be had.〔Rutter, M. (2008). "Developing concepts in developmental psychopathology", pp. 3–22 in J.J. Hudziak (ed.), Developmental psychopathology and wellness: Genetic and environmental influences. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing〕
A common misapprehension is that resilient people are free from negative emotions or thoughts, remaining optimistic in most or all situations. To the contrary, resilient individuals have, through time, developed coping techniques that allow them to effectively and relatively easily navigate around or through crises.〔Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1980). "The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the origination of behavior", pp. 39–101 in W. A. Collings (Ed.) ''The Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology''. Vol. 13. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.〕〔Werner, E., & Smith, R. S. (1992). ''Overcoming the odds: high risk children from birth to adulthood''. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
〕〔Wolin, S. J., & Wolin, S. (1993). ''Bound and Determined: Growing up resilient in a troubled family''. New York: Villard.〕 In other words, people who demonstrate resilience are people with optimistic attitude and positive emotionality and are, by practice, able to effectively balance negative emotions with positive ones.〔
==Background==
Resilience is generally thought of as a "positive adaptation" after a stressful or adverse situation. In other words, resilience is one's ability to bounce back from a negative experience. The Children Institute explains that "resilience research is focused on studying those who engage in life with hope and humor despite devastating losses". It is important to note that resilience is not only about overcoming a deeply stressful situation, but also coming out of the said situation with "competent functioning". Resiliency allows a person to rebound from adversity as a strengthened and more resourceful person. The Relaxation Response Resiliency (3RP) program was developed by the MGH Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine to help people enhance their resiliency.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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